Indonesia
By Qmars Safikhani
The fourth highest populated
country in the world and the biggest Muslim country
has been having a rough time of late, with continuing
involvement in post-September 11th activities,
violent clashes accompanying the re-election of Jakarta's
widely disliked governor and power blackouts for long
periods. Its economy is unable to lift about 40 million
Indonesians out of unemployment, when nearly 60 percent
of the population is at risk of falling below the
poverty line.
| socio-economic
indicators
|
2001
|
20022
|
2003
|
|
Population (million)
|
228.44
|
232.07
|
235.68
|
|
15-39 age band as percentage
of population
|
43.71
|
43.48
|
43.24
|
|
GDP (US $bn)
|
161.58
|
168.85
|
176.45
|
|
GDP per capita (US $)
|
707
|
728
|
749
|
|
R&D investment (US $bn)
|
0.46
|
0.48
|
0.50
|
|
R&D investment as percentage
of GDP
|
0.28
|
0.28
|
0.28
|
|
FigureSeeqTM
|
|
|
|
Indonesia also presents geographic
challenges with 13,667 islands, mountainous regions,
100 active volcanoes, and a tropical climate. This
always meant that creating a telecoms network was
particularly difficult, but the situation was not
helped by almost total lack of investment by the government.
However, the financial crises and political turmoil
of the past have forced the government to restructure
the economy in exchange for IMF aid, and WTO membership
obliges the government to develop the liberalisation
of the telecommunication market.
Mobile
At the moment there are seven mobile
companies operating in the country: Telekom, Indosat,
Satelindo, Telkomsel, Excelcomindo, Komselindo, Metrosel
and Mobisel. Telkmosel is the biggest operator with
nearly 2 million subscribers.
|
Mobile
phone
|
2001
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
2G mobile phone subscribers
(million units)
|
4.00
|
5.00
|
5.99
|
|
2G mobile phone subscribers
(per 10,000 inhabitants)
|
175
|
215
|
254
|
|
2.5G mobile phone subscribers
(million units)
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.01
|
|
2.5G mobile phone subscribers
(per 10,000 inhabitants)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
3G mobile phone subscribers
(million units)
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
|
3G mobile phone subscribers
(per 10,000 inhabitants)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Total mobile phone subscribers
(million units)
|
4.00
|
5.00
|
6.00
|
|
Mobile phone subscribers (per
10,000 inhabitants)
|
175
|
216
|
255
|
|
FigureSeeqTM
|
|
|
|
Internet
According to our latest figures released
for 3Q 2002 there are nearly 3.9 million people in
Indonesia with access to Internet. The cost of Internet
access is relatively high (US $25.34 per 30 hours
of dial-up access). The main dial-up systems are based
on:
A) Inclusive
access which is applied by TelkomNet
B) Telephone
charges and separate ISP charges
The high price tag is reflected in
the number of users: only 15% of Internet users surf
from home. Internet cafs and the workplace represent
more than 80% of the Internet access location.
Development of the Internet in Indonesia
has also been hampered by the lack of PCs, poor telecom
coverage, a general lack of ISPs and few websites
in the local language
|
Internet
access
|
2Q
2002
|
3Q
2002
|
4Q
2002
|
|
Internet access (million units)
|
3.36
|
3.90
|
4.87
|
|
Internet access (per 10,000
inhabitants)
|
145
|
168
|
210
|
|
FigureSeeqTM
|
|
|
|
Broadband
The country is experiencing the adoption
of all different access technologies such as ADSL,
Cable modem, Satellite and fixed wireless. The demand
for broadband access would be 0.5 million by the end
of 2003 and this figure will be tripled by the end
of 2004. Telkom is running the service in Jakarta.
Meanwhile Indosat is installing wireless DSL network
in Surabaya and other fifteen cities.
Kabelvision has lunched its Kabelnet
Internet access through cable modem and expecting
to see an 200% increase of Cable modem broadband subscribers
by the end of next year fromăcurrent 18 thousand subscribers.
Telkom has already concluded an agreement
with Alcatel to providing broadband access via HFC
in Jakarta and Surabaya.
The company also provide
a two-way satellite broadband access with downloads
speed up to 1.5Mbps and up-load via dial-up connection.
This service cost around US$ 650 per month. Many cyber
cafs in remote area are deploying this service.
|
Households
with broadband
|
2001
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
xDSL access technology (million
households)
|
0.03
|
0.10
|
0.46
|
|
Cable access technology (million
households)
|
0.00
|
0.02
|
0.04
|
|
Fixed Wireless access technology
(million households)
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
|
Satellite access technology
(million households)
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
|
Households with broadband access
(million households)
|
0.03
|
0.12
|
0.50
|
|
FigureSeeqTM
|
|
|
|
E-business
The lack of
adequate infrastructure for e-business, poor awareness,
transparency and banking facilities have all contributed
to limited growth. To tackle those problems, the Ministry
of Industry and Trade is running training programmes
on such subjects as digital signatures and computer
misuse.
|
e-commerce
(US$bn)
|
2001
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Business to consumer
|
0.35
|
0.72
|
1.71
|
|
Business to business
|
1.52
|
3.13
|
7.45
|
| Total
|
1.88
|
3.86
|
9.16
|
|
FigureSeeqTM
|
|
|
|
For further information
about Indonesia and other 82 countries please email
us here, telephone 01524 382000 or visit our website
|
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